考虑纤维波动[＋φ／-φ]缠绕角管件的轴向弹性模量计算方法

本文在计算[ φ/-φ]缠绕角管件的轴向弹性模量时,通过引入纤维波动程度参数来计入纤维波动的影响,理论计算结果与层板理论计算结果相比更接近实验结果,说明本文提出的算法,可在一定程度上计入纤维波动的影响。     

PVC-U型材弹性模量测试偏差分析

在对PVC-U型材弹性模量试验中发现，同一样品的规则样条与不规则样条的弯曲弹性模量相差较大。不规则样条的负荷-挠度曲线上会出现拐点，如果不对曲线进行处理直接计算得到的弯曲弹性模量偏小。在不规则样条的负荷-挠度取拐点后直线段切线与横坐标的交点作零点修正后所测得的弯曲弹性模量比较接近真实值。通过实验可以验证处理后的方法测得的弹性模量与均匀规则样条的弯曲弹性模量相近。     

Mechanical Properties of Porous Materials

Porous materials are commonly found in nature and as industrial materials such as wood, carbon, foams, ceramics and bricks. In order to use them effectively, their mechanical properties must be understood in relation to their micro-structures. This paper studies the mechanical properties of a few common porous materials: carbon rods, ceramics, polymeric foams and bricks. The characterisation of pore structures was performed using a Mercury Porosimeter. Detailed information was obtained on the density, porosity, surface area and pore size distribution. A large number of experiments on either bending or compression were conducted in order to obtain their macro-mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, hardness and strength. Based on the experimental observations, theoretical models were employed to predict the macro-properties from the micromechanics viewpoint. By studying the deformation of pores the global behaviour was calculated. Two simple formulae for the elastic modulus, E, were proposed: for low values of porosity, , E = E⁰(1 – 2) (1 + 4²) where E⁰ is the elastic modulus when the porosity is zero; for high value of porosity such as for foams E = E⁰ (1 – )². The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental ones. The study has provided insights into the mechanical properties of porous materials over a wide range of porosity values.     

偶联剂处理对碱式硫酸镁晶须填充UP树脂浇铸体力学性能的影响

利用钛酸酯类偶联剂NDZ101、NDZ401和硅烷类偶联剂KH550、KH570对碱式硫酸镁晶须进行处理,研究了几种偶联剂及其加入比例对晶须填充不饱和聚酯树脂(UP)浇铸体力学性能的影响,并结合应力-应变曲线和SEM的图片,对试验结果进行了讨论。实验结果表明,采用偶联剂处理晶须可改善其填充UP树脂浇注体的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲模量和冲击强度。其中,采用2%KH570进行处理,拉伸强度改善幅度最高,可提高47.54%;采用3%NDZ101进行处理,拉伸模量和弯曲模量均获得最大幅度的提高,分别为65.99%和69.33%;而采用4%KH550进行处理,却可最大幅度地提高冲击强度,为29.21%。对弯曲强度而言,偶联剂处理总体上对其影响效果不如其它的力学性能那样明显。相对而言,硅烷类偶联剂的效果优于钛酸酯类的偶联剂。加入4%KH570和5%KH550时获得的弯曲强度最大,分别为54.43MPa和53.19MPa,较未处理的浇铸体弯曲强度分别提高了25.10%和22.25%,而采用NDZ101或NDZ401,弯曲强度值却基本上都下降。碱式硫酸镁晶须填充UP树脂浇铸体的断裂属于脆性断裂。     

单向Cf/SiC复合材料的弯曲疲劳性能

对单向Cf/SiC复合材料进行了三点弯曲疲劳性能测试,得到了复合材料的应力－寿命曲线（S－N曲线）,并对其进行线性拟合,得到疲劳最大应力与复合材料疲劳寿命的关系;考察了疲劳过程中刚度下降和疲劳裂纹产生情况。结果表明在疲劳过程中复合材料的弯曲模量有3个变化阶段：首先在疲劳加载初期,弯曲模量的下降速度及幅度都较大;其次在弯曲模量下降到原始弯曲模量的85％（133GPa)后,其变化方式没有明显的规律可循,有时甚至可能上升;最后复合材料发生疲劳断裂时,模量将发生突变。显微结构分析表明：基体横向裂纹群的产生是疲劳断裂的独有特征。它的产生是由于基体SiC的断裂应变小于碳纤维的断裂应变,基体首先开裂并导致应力重新分布的结果。     

稀土丁异戊橡胶改性天然橡胶的应用研究

采用稀土丁异戊橡胶代替顺丁橡胶，测试并分析了改性天然橡胶的低温性能及相关性能。结果表明，稀土丁异戊橡胶改性的天然橡胶室强力学性能和粘接性能与顺丁橡胶改性的天然橡胶相近，但低温性能有较大的改善。在-40℃下贮存2h后，顶丁橡胶改性天然橡胶硫化胶有明显的结晶现象，其剪切模量较室温下的相应值增加了6倍，而稀土丁异戊橡胶改性的天然橡胶硫化胶保持了良好的弹性，其剪切模量值与室温下的相当。     

Shear Strength of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives and its Correlation to Mechanical Properties

Correlations between shear resistance and the mechanical properties of pressure sensitive adhesives are studied by measuring the deformation behaviour in the static and the dynamic shear test and determining the dynamic shear modulus of the adhesive. For polymers with low or moderate viscosities, the shear strain vs. time characteristics in a static shear test and, accordingly, the static shear strength, can be evaluated from the master curves of the dynamic shear modulus or the dynamic viscosity. The dynamic shear strength also can be calculated. These exact calculations cannot be applied to highly viscous or slightly crosslinked polymers. On the basis of the model experiments, empirical correlations between shear strength and the dynamic shear modulus are established which seem to be generally valid.     

模数对无机富锌涂料和涂层性能的影响

硅酸钾富锌涂料是目前广泛使用的钢铁防腐蚀涂料。作为涂料粘结剂的高模数硅酸钾溶液对涂料和涂层的性能有重要影响。本研究考察了硅酸钾粘结剂的模数变化对涂料及涂层性能产生的影响。实验结果表明：粘结剂模数的提高可以提高固化后涂层的耐水性能，当粘结剂模数在5.0左右时，所得富锌涂层具有最佳的耐磨性能，但当粘结剂模数超过5.5时会造成涂料施工性能和贮存稳定性下降，涂层柔韧性降低，从而降低涂层的耐磨性能。     

The effect of various slaked limes on the microstructure of a lime-cement-sand mortar

The present work aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of both the proportions and the characteristics of slaked lime on the microstructure of a lime-cement-sand mortar. Cement (CPA CEM I 52.5) has been replaced by various categories of slaked lime chosen for the diversity of their physico-chemical characteristics.Cement has been replaced by lime in proportions varying between 0 to 10% of the total binder mass. With very few exceptions, mortars were produced by maintaining the quantity of water constant.Experimental results show that it is necessary to have a high lime substitution percentage to influence the microstructure of the mortar, except in the case of a lime containing magnesium hydroxide or calcic lime featuring sizeable specific surface area.The influence of the nature of the substituted lime on the development of the microstructure in the matrix has been examined by SEM observations of the mortar micro porosity.     

Application of orthogonal collocations to some transport phenomena problems in co-axial cylinders and spheres

Collocation methods are developed for the solution of some differential equation models for transport phenomena problems in one-and two-dimensions in co-axial annuli of spherical and cylindrical shapes. General formulae are developed to obtain orthogonal polynomials over an arbitrary interval using two types of weighting functions. The convergence and accuracy of the methods are demonstrated using two test problems, i.e., calculation of effectiveness factors in (a) a spherical pellet with peripherally deposited catalyst and (b) a Raschig ring type cylindrical catalyst pellet. Comparisons of results obtained from the present methods with analytic solutions for the first-order reactions indicate good agreement. Numerical solutions are also obtained for the second-and the third-order reactions for which analytic solutions are not available. Results obtained in terms of a new Thiele modulus involving the ratio of volume of peripherally deposited part of catalyst to exterior surface area indicate that this normalization brings effectiveness factor versus Thiele modulus curves close together for co-axial spherical and long cylindrical pellets, as it does for these geometries without the inner co-axial portion.